Melba Roy, NASA Mathmetician, at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland in 1964. Ms. Roy led a group of NASA mathmeticians known as “computers” who tracked the Echo satellites. The first time I shared Ms. Roy on VBG, my friend Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, a former postdoc in astrophysics at NASA, helpfully explained what Ms. Roy did in the comment section. I am sharing Chanda’s comment again here: “By the way, since I am a physicist, I might as well explain a little bit about what she did: when we launch satellites into orbit, there are a lot of things to keep track of. We have to ensure that gravitational pull from other bodies, such as other satellites, the moon, etc. don’t perturb and destabilize the orbit. These are extremely hard calculations to do even today, even with a machine-computer. So, what she did was extremely intense, difficult work. The goal of the work, in addition to ensuring satellites remained in a stable orbit, was to know where everything was at all times. So they had to be able to calculate with a high level of accuracy. Anyway, that’s the story behind orbital element timetables”. Photo: NASA/Corbis.
Skillcrush
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2013-02-13
Source: vintageblackglamour
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2013-02-10
How to fix “things” using your computer – a visual meditation on the DIY tutorial by the inimitable Wendy MacNaughton, whom we know and love.
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Source: dancretu
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Wrap magazine: Illustrator of the week - Karolin Schnoor
Having developed a style that is as bold and powerful as it is feminine and folksy, with unusual colour combinations and simple touches of pattern - Karolin Schnoor’s illustrations have thoroughly captivated us all here at Wrap. So we’re delighted to make the London-based artist…
Source: wrapmagazine
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2012-07-25
Kara Rota
Kara Rota is Director of Editorial & Partnerships for Cookstr, a technology company dedicated to recipes and nutrition and co-founded by Tipping Point Partners, a New York City-based “institutional entrepreneur.” She is also a freelance food writer who studied writing and food politics at Sarah Lawrence College, where she wrote her undergraduate thesis on technoethics, posthumanism, cyborgs and RoboCop. She tweets @karalearota.
How did you first become interested in tech?
When I was ten years old, we got our first computer—my grandfather’s clunky Compaq PC. My parents drove from South Jersey to Manhattan to pick it up and drove home with me in the backseat cradling the monitor at my feet. I remember its weight in my lap, the smell of electronics and plastic, the excruciating impatience to get it home and make it come alive. It was a portal, a found tear in the fabric of my universe that was a door to another world. The next four years were a blur of Compuserve forums about cats; becoming an entrepreneur on Half.com; AOL kids’ chatrooms; collecting cyberpets on Angelfire pages that I proudly HTML-enabled with glitter marquee titles and guestbooks; reading fan fiction; and then, at some point, emerging from my web-cocoon to make real friends I could write about in my Livejournal.
What is the most beautiful piece of technology ever created?
Small Demons is a company I’m excited about because it makes explicit the disappearing boundary between physical and non-physical (i.e. digital) worlds. It’s a metadata company, obsessively cataloguing the people, places and things that are mentioned in books to create a “Storyverse.” This exercise interchanges and intersperses fictional things – invisible, intangible, and previously unmeasurable – with real objects.
I like technology that breaks down the boundaries between what is real and what is unreal. Everything we build now can be visualized using old metaphors – networks, bridges, lines, webs, nets. Infrastructure has become a metaphor for an increasingly non-physical world in which we live.
What applications do you have open while you’re working?
I break all of the multitasking rules. Some small percentage of my attention is always on my email, and I’m a notorious insta-responder. We work in an open office and gchat each other from two feet away! Between internal and client work, I spent a significant amount of time in Pivotal Tracker, Harvest, Basecamp, and Highrise. I usually have Spotify running in the background, and Twitter if I’m feeling antsy. I go back and forth between screens, so sometimes I’ll be reading an article on my iPad while working on a Keynote presentation on my iMac and responding to emails on my iPhone. I don’t quite have my browser loyalty solidified at the moment, so I’m using Firefox and Chrome simultaneously. I also have pen-and-paper post-its and to-do lists everywhere. I consider those applications too!
You studied technoethics and posthumanism—can you talk briefly about how these disciplines inform your approach to technology and your work at Tipping Point & Cookstr?
I chose Sarah Lawrence College specifically to study creative writing and to never take a math or science class again. I did terribly in high school physics because I could not philosophically wrap my mind around harsh laws about the relationship of space and time and speed and distance. There seemed no room for seeming there, for nonlinear magical thinking.
Slowly in college, I edged into classes in the Science, Technology and Society department, and found that Donna Haraway, Ray Kurzweil, James Hughes, and others talked science and tech in a language I understood. I realized that there wasn’t the same distinction anymore between “serious science” (the kind I “didn’t get” and was “bad at”) and the stuff I loved, like watching social networks evolve.
Tipping Point believes that technology has the power to change everything. The big picture never gets lost in the details of building tech. Cookstr, the food and technology company I manage, which was co-founded by Tipping Point, is a great example.
Cookstr runs on the power of metadata. Metadata creates a standard, a set of tags curated by food experts that are specifically relevant to recipe content. In our CMS, experts can seamlessly attach their knowledge to recipes. The combination of data (recipes) and metadata allow users to access knowledge differently through technology.
As we relearn the importance of food and cooking, technology helps us access expert knowledge, like that in cookbooks, that was once passed down generationally. Metadata allows us to organize content so that we can find it and use it, even generations later.
You can know something as if you’ve always known it!
What was the most important thing that you’ve learned in the past year and how did you learn it?
I’ve learned that often, if you ask for something, you might get it. This is true whether that thing is seemingly small, like a free cake box at Panera or flowers that a florist will throw away; or medium, like product sponsorship for an event you’re planning; or big, like more responsibilities at your job or more compensation in accordance with those responsibilities. I think fear of rejection is so ingrained, as is the assumption that women are supposed to wait to be asked to do something and that it’s inappropriate to speak out about what you want.
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2012-07-24
Progressive Enhancement
Progressive enhancement is the practice of making websites fancier if your computer or phone can handle it, and making ‘em less fancy if it can’t!
We techies take for granted that we update our browsers, computers, and phones almost as frequently as we change our underwear. But for many people in the world, a computer they bought three years ago and a web browser they updated two years ago feel pretty new.
The idea behind progressive enhancement is that instead of fighting the fact that different browsers and different devices have varying degrees of ability, we accept it and work with our limitations. In practice, this means that when building your website you start at the base layer—usually your content—and then add all the fancy CSS and JavaScript interaction on top, but only make those features available to browsers and devices that can handle it.
Thus, instead of having to either go for the lowest common denominator or give certain users the short end of the stick, you deliver a simpler, but still nice looking, version of your site to those users that are browser and device challenged, and a more complicated version to those users that have the latest of everything.
When you visit Slate on your smartphone, you can you read the articles, but you don’t see all the ads, slideshows, blog links or what’s trending on the Washington Post.
The reason for this is twofold: one, Slate has thought long and hard about what it is you want to do on your phone; do you really want to see what is trending on the Washington Post? Probably not.
The other reason is that your phone is not yet as powerful as your computer, meaning that it can’t process as much information as quickly so Slate doesn’t ask it to. Instead, Slate sends your phone a version of its website that still gives you all the important stuff (articles) without it taking forever.
Cocktail Party Fact
Before we had progressive enhancement, there was a popular idea called ‘graceful degradation.’ The graceful degradation ethos says that you design your website for the fanciest browsers and devices and then make sure it looks ok for everyone else.
The distinction between graceful degradation and progressive enhancement is a subtle one, but it’s the kind of thing that developers and technologists love to fight about! In one camp you have the graceful degraders who think that older browsers should be an afterthought (we build for the future!) and in the other camp you have the progressive enhancers who think that your content should be optimized for all platforms (we build for everyone!).
Consternation abounds!
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2012-07-23
In honor of Sally Ride: Never limit yourself!

“Never limit yourself because of othersâ limited imagination;
never limit others because of your own limited imagination.”
- Mae Jemison, Astronaut
Today we celebrate two people: Astronaut Sally Ride and you.
Yesterday we were saddened to learn that Sally Ride had died after a long fight with cancer.
In 1983, Sally Ride broke a major barrier in becoming the first American woman to go into orbit. Nine years later, Mae Jemison followed in her footsteps not only as a woman astronaut but as the first African American woman to go into space.
In honor of Sally’s legacy, and in honor of all the women who imagine the impossible and make it real everyday, we ask you to make a pledge:
I will never limit myself because of others’ limited imagination; I will never limit others because of my own limited imagination.
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daniel sinker: OpenNews: Why Develop in the Newsroom?
As the deadline to apply to become a 2013 Knight-Mozilla Fellow approaches, there’s one question often comes up: Why would I want to work as a developer in the newsroom?There are all sorts of reasons—from being in the room when news breaks, to working with a community of people creating…
Source: sinker
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2012-07-22
jQuery
jQuery is a library of preset JavaScript tasks that makes it easy and fast to make your site interactive and fun.
JavaScript is a web programming language that allows you to make your website interactive. Do you want to put a photo slideshow on your website? How about a pop-up that invites users to sign up for your newsletter? What about putting an ad on your blog? Yep, you are gonna have to use JavaScript to do any of those things.
JavaScript, however, can be a little verbose. Let’s say that when a user—we will call her Liz Lemon—signs up for your newsletter, you want to say “Thanks for signing up, Liz Lemon!”
Using JavaScript you would need to write:
window.onload = initAll;
function initAll() {
document.getElementById(“submit”).onclick = submitMessage;
}function submitMessage() {
var greeting = document.getElementById(“name”).getAttribute(“value”);
document.getElementById(“headline”).innerHTML = “Thanks for signing up, ” + greeting;
return false;
}Not terrible, but since you are a lazy programmer, you will vastly prefer to write this script using jQuery:
$(“#submit”).click(function () {
var greeting = $(“#name”).val();
$(“#headline”).html(“Thanks for signing up, ” + greeting);
return false;
});Notice that $ sign? It’s the surefire sign that someone is using jQuery.
In order to use jQuery you will have to link to jQuery. That way, when your script calls a jQuery command like click, your browser will know what you are saying. You can either downlaod jQuery and host it on your own website, or you can take advantage of Google’s awesome server power and link to jQuery from there:
Just copy and paste that link tag and stick it in your HTML doc (either in between the tags or in the footer) and you will be jQuery ready-to-go.
So what all can jQuery do? Well let’s see, you can do some awesome fade outs, or make a super slick date picker, or what about making yourself a mobile app?
Now Try This
- Go to JSFiddle
- Select jQuery 1.7.2 from the drop down menu
- Try out some jQuery commands!
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2012-07-19
Tracking Pixel
Tracking pixels are little 1x1 pixel images that allow you to keep track of how many users visit your website or see your advertisement.
Look, here is a tracking pixel for you to see:

Ooooh! Isn’t she just the cutest little tracking pixel you have ever seen?!
When you open this email and read about tracking pixels, one of the ways that we will know that you did so is that you will ask our server to download our little tracking pixel.
So, when an advertiser wants to know how many users see their ad they use a tracking pixel. What they do is embed a small, transparent PNG in their advertisement that the user can’t see but the advertiser can keep track of.
Each time a new person visits the website where the ad is, that user has to download the advertisement, including the 1x1 pixel transparent PNG. Everytime a user downloads the image, their computer sends a message to the advertiser’s server saying:
“Hey, send that pixel over to this computer at IP Address 50.74.75.135.”
The server says, “Yes, ma’am,” sends the tracking pixel over to that IP Address, and makes a note of the event in its server logs.
At the end of the day (or week, or month), the advertiser looks at their server logs and counts up all the different IP Addresses who requested that tracking pixel; if 10,000 different IP Addresses requested the tracking pixel be sent to them, that means 10,000 people saw the ad.
[Pop Quiz: If the advertiser was paying $10 CPM how much money would they owe to the publisher?]
This is the same technology that allows web analytic services like Google Analytics and Chartbeat to tell how many people visited your site.
Cocktail Party Fact
Now that you know about tracking pixels, you should put them to work! If there is ever a web service that you use that doesn’t provide you with all the analytics you desire, you can employ tracking pixels to get the information you need.
Since a certain crowd-funding platform doesn’t provide users with information about how many people visit their project page (they only tell you how many people give you money!) a certain clever developer we know stuck a small transparent image onto his page and looked at his server logs to determine his project’s conversion rate (the number of people who visited the project page and gave money).



